Have a thorough knowledge of current theories about how students ____ and ____.

• A. Develop & Learn
• B. Forget & Improvise
• C. Memorize & Recall
• D. Skip & Avoid

Answer: (A)

Understanding how students develop and how they learn is central to effective literacy instruction. Current theories describe development as ongoing and influenced by maturation, experience, and social context, while learning involves actively constructing knowledge through interaction with texts, tasks, and peers. In literacy, teachers use both ideas—recognizing developmental readiness to plan appropriate work and applying learning processes to help students build skills, strategies, and comprehension. The best choice pairs developing with learning, because it aligns with how growth and knowledge acquisition interact in classrooms. Choices that emphasize memorizing, forgetting, improvising, or avoiding don’t fit the way modern theories describe how students grow and engage with literacy.